Relationship between gene polymorphism and milk production traits in Teleorman Black Head sheep breed

ABSTRACT Objective. This study is a preliminary step of a larger national program aimed to develop a strategy for “in situ” preservation of Teleorman Black Head sheep population. In this paper we estimated the effect of β-lactoglobulin, casein and prolactin on some quantitative and qualitative milk traits in this local sheep population. Material and methods. Genotyping methodology included PCR for CSN3 (A and B alleles) and PCR-RFLP for LGB (A and B alleles) and PRL (T and C alleles), respectively. Repeated milking and milk composition analysis were used for the polymorphism effect estimation. Results. No association between CSN3 polymorphism and milk traits was found. Effect of LGB on production traits was quite constant. Genotype AA performed better than BB. PRL marker effect showed small differences than LGB. Concerning milk, fat and protein yield, AA genotype for PRL had a smaller positive impact than AA genotype for LGB. Regarding fat and protein content, PRL showed a negative effect for AA and positive for BB genotype, respectively. Conclusions. Positive association between LGB and milk yield and composition recommend this candidate gene like marker for a future MAS program. Although PRL gene is also associated with an increased milk quantity, inverse response over milk composition must be considered in MAS strategy. Our study demonstrated that both LGB and PRL markers could became an advent of MAS utilization in Romanian dairy sheep breeding industry.   RESUMEN Objetivo. Este estudio es un paso preliminar de un programa nacional más amplio destinado a desarrollar una estrategia para la conservación “in situ”de la población de ovejas Cabeza Negra de Teleorman. En este trabajo se estimó el efecto de la β-lactoglobulina, caseína y prolactina en algunos rasgos cuantitativos y cualitativos de la leche en esta población de ovejas locales. Material y métodos. Metodología de PCR para genotipificación incluido CSN3 (A y B alelos) y PCR-RFLP para LGB (A y B alelos) y PRL (T y C alelos). Análisis y composición de la leche de ordeños repetidos se utilizaron para estimación el efecto del polimorfismo. Resultados. No se encontró asociación entre el polimorfismo y la leche rasgos CSN3. Efecto de LGB en los rasgos de producción era bastante constante. Genotipo AA obtenido mejores resultados que BB. Efecto marcador PRL mostró pequeñas diferencias que LGB. En cuanto a la leche grasa y proteína el genotipo AA para PRL tuvo un impacto positivo más pequeño que el genotipo AA para LGB. En cuanto a contenido de grasa y proteína, PRL mostró un efecto negativo para AA y positivo para BB genotipo. Conclusiones.La asociación positiva entre LGB y la producción de leche y la composición recomienda este gen candidato como marcador para un futuro programa de MAS. Aunque gen PRL también se asocia con un incrementoen la cantidad de leche, la respuesta inversa sobre composición de la leche debe ser considerado en la estrategia de MAS. Nuestro estudio demostró que los marcadores tanto LGB y PRL podrían venir a ser utilizados en MAS en la industria rumanade cría deovejas lecheras

Associations between mstn/haeiii polymorphism and reproductive and growth characteristics in morkaraman sheep

The myostatin gene inhibits skeletal muscle growth in advanced animals, and a mutation in the gene coding region increases muscle formation. Hence, it is accepted to be a candidate gene for the selection of some production traits. The objective of the current research was to examine the genotypes of the myostatin gene and reveal the associations between the genotypes and a number of traits, including birth weight, weaning weight, weaning age, average daily weight gain, and productivity, in 110 Morkaraman sheep. Genotypes were determined by the PCR-RFLP method using the HaeIII restriction enzyme, and the genotype frequencies were found to be 9%, 69%, and 22% for MM, Mm, and mm in the myostatin locus, respectively. The M allele frequency was 44%, whereas the m allele frequency was 56%. In the studied population, the myostatin locus was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The association analysis revealed no statistically significant impact of the MSTN gene polymorphism in exon 3 on birth weight, weaning weight, and productivity (P>0.05) but found a significant effect on weaning age and average daily weight gain (P<0.05). As a result, the MSTN gene showed polymorphisms in Morkaraman sheep and can be regarded as a genetic marker for sheep selection according to the association analysis results

Casein Polymorphism in Relation to the Milk Production Traits of Slovak Spotted Cattle

The aim of this study was to identify polymorphisms in the bovine genes encoding CSN1A1 and CSN3 caseins and analyse the structure of population of Slovak Spotted cattle. Subsequent analysis was carried out to estimate the effect of both polymorphisms on long-life milk production traits. The genomic DNA was extracted from totally 180 blood samples. All of analysed animals were genotyped by using the PCR-RFLP method. In population the prevalence of homozygote animals was found. For CSN1A1 gene the BB genotype was noted as predominant. In terms of CSN3 gene the genotype frequencies was more balanced. The most frequent genotype were AA. The population genetic indices signalised the decrease of genetic variability in population mainly for CSN1A1 gene. Except FIS index, each of parameter reflected the high proportion of BB homozygous individuals in population. The values of observed and expected heterozygosity for CSN3 gene indicated similarly the prevalence of homozygote individuals in population, but the decrease of heterozygosity was not so high. The effect of polymorphisms on production traits was tested based on the GLM procedure. In case of both SNPs we were able to describe the variability of analysed traits on 95%. The study results clearly indicated the positive effects of CSN1A1BB and CSN3AA genotypes in order to improve the milk production traits in Slovak Spotted cattle. In addition, the statistical analysis confirmed the key role of casein in milk production and its composition

The implications of various gene variant combinations on breeding values for Awassi ewe milk production

Background and Aim: Milk production is an important factor to consider in selecting Awassi sheep. This trait is influenced by various genes that can be managed to boost production. The breeding values (BVs) for milk production in Jordan’s Awassi sheep flocks have been established. This study determined how combined gene variants of BLG, PRL, CSN3, CSN1S1, and CSN2 affect the estimated BVs (EBVs) for milk production in Awassi sheep. Materials and Methods: Milk and blood samples were collected from 391 Awassi sheep, which was then subjected to molecular analysis through sequencing in order to identify potential alleles and genotypes that could be linked to the EBVs of milk. Results: The predicted BVs for milk were significantly influenced by PRL and CSN3 gene variants. Through performing the act of epistasis, the i nteractions of BLG with CSN3 and –CSN1S1 greatly impacted EBVs for milk production. Likewise, the three-way interaction among PRL, CSN3, and CSN1S1, as well as the combined effect of CSN3 with CSN1S1 and CNS1 significantly improved BVs for milk production. When the breeding selection program incorporates the polymorphisms of these genes, gains in milk production can be obtained. Conclusion: Alleles within the examined genomic areas are crucial for evaluating BVs and maximizing genetic gain in milk production

The influence of complex genotypes in the PRL and β-LG genes in Lacon sheep breed on cheese producing

For the first time, an analysis of the distribution of allele variants in the PRL and β-LG genes was conducted on the Russian population of Lakon sheep. The research established the influence of polymorphism in the studied genes on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Adyghe cheese. The analysis of data on 248 Lakon sheep showed a positive correlation between β-LGBB and PRLBB – with protein content in milk and better technological qualities for cheese production. The highest fat content in milk was observed in sheep with the β-LGBB genotype (7.14%). The cheese curd from milk of all genotypes was characterized by optimal density and good elasticity. The yield of Adyghe cheese obtained from milk of animals with the genotype PRLBBβ-LGBB was higher compared to the same parameter from milk of sheep with the genotypes PRLAAβ-LGAA, PRLBBβ-LGAA, PRLAAβ-LGBB by 5.5, 4.5, and 3.0%, respectively, and it also had a higher fat content by 3.04, 2.90, and 1.10%, respectively. The practical significance of the obtained data lies in the prospect of selecting carriers of desirable alleles of the PRL and β-LG genes for targeted selection of parental pairs and obtaining a larger number of offspring with homozygous genotypes. Targeted selection will provide a higher proportion of sheep in the herd with better quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk productivity for with better parameters for cheese production. The work was carried out by order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation No. 082-03-2023-213 dated March 07, 2023

Casein Polymorphism in Relation to the Milk Production Traits of Slovak Spotted Cattle

The aim of this study was to identify polymorphisms in the bovine genes encoding CSN1A1 and CSN3 caseins and analyse the structure of population of Slovak Spotted cattle. Subsequent analysis was carried out to estimate the effect of both polymorphisms on long-life milk production traits. The genomic DNA was extracted from totally 180 blood samples. All of analysed animals were genotyped by using the PCR-RFLP method. In population the prevalence of homozygote animals was found. For CSN1A1 gene the BB genotype was noted as predominant. In terms of CSN3 gene the genotype frequencies was more balanced. The most frequent genotype were AA. The population genetic indices signalised the decrease of genetic variability in population mainly for CSN1A1 gene. Except FIS index, each of parameter reflected the high proportion of BB homozygous individuals in population. The values of observed and expected heterozygosity for CSN3 gene indicated similarly the prevalence of homozygote individuals in population, but the decrease of heterozygosity was not so high. The effect of polymorphisms on production traits was tested based on the GLM procedure. In case of both SNPs we were able to describe the variability of analysed traits on 95%. The study results clearly indicated the positive effects of CSN1A1BB and CSN3AA genotypes in order to improve the milk production traits in Slovak Spotted cattle. In addition, the statistical analysis confirmed the key role of casein in milk production and its composition

Food science sourcebook

2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm2nd edition.Rev. ed. of: Source book for food scientists. c1978"An AVI book."Pt. 1. Terms and descriptions -- pt. 2. Food composition,properties, and general data

Relationship between gene polymorphism and milk production traits in Teleorman Black Head sheep breed

Objective. This study is a preliminary step of a larger national program aimed to develop a strategy for "in situ" preservation of Teleorman Black Head sheep population. In this paper we estimated the effect of β-lactoglobulin, casein and prolactin on some quantitative and qualitative milk traits in this local sheep population. Material and methods. Genotyping methodology included PCR for CSN3 (A and B alleles) and PCR-RFLP for LGB (A and B alleles) and PRL (T and C alleles), respectively. Repeated milking and milk composition analysis were used for the polymorphism effect estimation. Results. No association between CSN3 polymorphism and milk traits was found. Effect of LGB on production traits was quite constant. Genotype AA performed better than AA. PRL marker effect showed small differences than LGB. Concerning milk, fat and protein yield, AA genotype for PRL had a smaller positive impact than AA genotype for LGB. Regarding fat and protein content, PRL showed a negative effect for AA and positive for AA genotype, respectively. Conclusions. Positive association between LGB and milk yield and composition recommend this candidate gene like marker for a future MAS program. Although PRL gene is also associated with an increased milk quantity, inverse response over milk composition must be considered in MAS strategy. Our study demonstrated that both LGB and PRL markers could became an advent of MAS utilization in Romanian dairy sheep breeding industry.Objetivo. Este estudio es un paso preliminar de un programa nacional más amplio destinado a desarrollar una estrategia para la conservación "in situ"de la población de ovejas Cabeza Negra de Teleorman. En este trabajo se estimó el efecto de la β-lactoglobulina, caseína y prolactina en algunos rasgos cuantitativos y cualitativos de la leche en esta población de ovejas locales. Material y métodos. Metodología de PCR para genotipificación incluido CSN3 (A y B alelos) y PCR-RFLP para LGB (A y B alelos) y PRL (T y C alelos). Análisis y composición de la leche de ordeños repetidos se utilizaron para estimación el efecto del polimorfismo. Resultados. No se encontró asociación entre el polimorfismo y la leche rasgos CSN3. Efecto de LGB en los rasgos de producción era bastante constante. Genotipo AA obtenido mejores resultados que AA. Efecto marcador PRL mostró pequeñas diferencias que LGB. En cuanto a la leche grasa y proteína el genotipo AA para PRL tuvo un impacto positivo más pequeño que el genotipo AA para LGB. En cuanto a contenido de grasa y proteína, PRL mostró un efecto negativo para AA y positivo para AA genotipo. Conclusiones. La asociación positiva entre LGB y la producción de leche y la composición recomienda este gen candidato como marcador para un futuro programa de MAS. Aunque gen PRL también se asocia con un incremento en la cantidad de leche, la respuesta inversa sobre composición de la leche debe ser considerado en la estrategia de MAS. Nuestro estudio demostró que los marcadores tanto LGB y PRL podrían venir a ser utilizados en MAS en la industria rumana de cría de ovejas lecheras